animal farm

Animal Farm begins with a very drunk Mr. Jones the owner of Manor Farm doing a really crumby job of, you know, his job. The neglected animals listen to a wise old pig, old Major, who encourages them all to rebel and run the farm themselves. Above all, he says, everyone should be equal. Then he dies. Everyone is excited except for Benjamin, a cynical donkey whose main job in life is to be, well, cynical.

The animals do rebel, and the pigs, being the smartest animals, naturally take the leadership role (so much for that equality business). There is some immediate conflict between two pigs, Napoleon and Snowball. Napoleon wants to sit around and be in charge of everything, while Snowball wants to teach the other animals (Imagine!) and build a windmill. Napoleon uses nine ferocious and enormous dogs (which he stole when they were young) to become the All Powerful Dominant Boss Leader Chief Pig. He doesn’t call it that, but it’s in the back of his mind somewhere. So Snowball is out of the picture, which is convenient for blaming everything on him. 

The pigs exploit the other animals shamelessly, breaking all the rules that they had established after the Rebellion. Things fall apart: life on the farm gets worse and worse, the animals forget old Major’s original dream, and the pigs make some poor management decisions when dealing with the neighboring farms. The culminating miserable moment comes when the pigs send Boxer, a hardworking and loyal horse who is ready for retirement, to his death. Ouch. 

In short, the pigs are starting to look a lot like the horrible human owners that we started with at the beginning of this whole mess. They may even be worse. So old cynical Benjamin was right.

plato's myth of the cave

PLATO’S MYTH OF THE CAVE

Plato's analogy depicts a group of people being imprisoned in a cave and being tricked into thinking shadows cast on a cave wall are all reality has to offer (they lived their entire lives this way, they've never been outside). But if you can somehow escape, you'll get out of the cave. For the first time, you will see sunlight and 3 dimensions and such, and your mind will be blown; you'll be blinded and confused. Then, you'll want to free others. But the majority of prisoners will not leave with you no matter what you say, convinced that the shadows are the real world.

The cave is an analogy that is trying to make a point about the real world. Consider a philosopher in a world of ordinary city people. Ordinary people don't realize how blind they are in their daily lives. If one such person suddenly started seeing truth, they would at first be blinded and confused. But then they would try to show others. But others won't really listen. If he pushes too hard, they will label him crazy and shun him, preferring to keep their lives comfortable.

It's a bit hard to come up with a "new interpretation" for the myth. This is the intended interpretation; scholars agree this is what Plato meant to suggest. A new interpretation would be ascribing something other than what he meant onto his story.

The movie "The Matrix" is a giant reference to Plato's myth, with the Matrix as the cave, and Neo being an escapee. Neo's first words outside of the Matrix are "My eyes hurt..."

CONFESSION OF SHOPAHOLIC MOVIE

These objects symbolizes in this movie:       

         i.            The Prisoners
-Rebecca Bloomwood

       ii.            The Chains
-Debt

      iii.            The Fire
-The sale

     iv.            The Shadows and the Images
-The feelings of having a lots of money where she can see the mannequin calling for her to buy the things.

       v.            The puppet Players
-The credit card

     vi.            The Old Man
-Miss Korch (force Rebecca to donates)

*Based on the setting which I have selected, I think the prisoner hurt her eyes when she was first liberated because when she know the truth that she was lots of debt it hurts her.

*In this context, the prisoner still insist that the images which she has seen before are much more real than the statue because of her addiction towards fashion and shopping spree.

analogy

ANALOGY is a tool of thinking that uses stories situations or objects to help us visualize a particular experience or concept.

METAPHOR use to describe a subject as exactly the same to the object by drawing the parallel in the properties between the subject and object. (Equate particular subject to with particular concept)

SIMILE is the figure of speech that draws similarity between two different things but otherwise not the same between one another.

PARABLE/ ALLAGORY the symbolic expression of a deeper meaning through a story or scene acted out by human animal or mythical characters. (In a form of a story)

SATIRE/ PARODY the use of wit, especially irony, sarcasm, and ridicule to criticize a particular subject as depicted in literacy works, plays or film.

IRONY – inconsistency between what might be expected to happen and what actually happens especially when this differences seems absurd or laughable.

Example of irony:

A man who is a traffic cop gets his license suspended for unpaid parking tickets.

PARADOX - a statement or a situation that is true but seems to defy logic or intuition.

Example of paradox:

aerodynamically, the bumble Bee shouldn’t be able to fly but the bumble bee doesn’t know it so it goes on flying anyway – Miry Kay Ash 

JULIUS CAESAR

JULIUS CAESAR

Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.

Caesar attended the last meeting of the Senate before his departure, held at its temporary quarters in the portico of the theater built by Pompey the Great (the Curia, located in the Forum and the regular meeting house of the Senate, had been badly burned and was being rebuilt). The sixty conspirators, led by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Brutus Albinus, and Gaius Trebonius, came to the meeting with daggers concealed in their togas and struck Caesar at least 23 times as he stood at the base of Pompey's statue. Legend has it that Caesar said in Greek to Brutus, “You, too, my child?” After his death, all the senators fled, and three slaves carried his body home to Calpurnia several hours later. For several days there was a political vacuum, for the conspirators apparently had no long-range plan and, in a major blunder, did not immediately kill Mark Antony (apparently by the decision of Brutus). The conspirators had only a band of gladiators to back them up, while Antony had a whole legion, the keys to Caesar's money boxes, and Caesar's will.

MARCUS JUNIUS BRUTUS

Marcus Junius Brutus often referred to as Brutus, was a politician of the late Roman Republic. After being adopted by his uncle he used the name Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, but eventually returned to using his original name. He is best known in modern times for taking a leading role in the assassination of Julius Caesar.

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BRUTUS’S SPEECH
BRUTUS

Be patient till the last.

Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my

cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me

for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour, that

you may believe: censure me in your wisdom, and

awake your senses, that you may the better judge.

If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of

Caesar's, to him I say, that Brutus' love to Caesar

was no less than his. If then that friend demand

why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer:

--Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved

Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living and

die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live

all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him;

as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was

valiant, I honour him: but, as he was ambitious, I

slew him. There is tears for his love; joy for his

fortune; honour for his valour; and death for his

ambition. Who is here so base that would be a

bondman? If any, speak; for him have I offended.

Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If

any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so

vile that will not love his country? If any, speak;

for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.

All

None, Brutus, none.

BRUTUS

Then none have I offended. I have done no more to

Caesar than you shall do to Brutus. The question of

his death is enrolled in the Capitol; his glory not

extenuated, wherein he was worthy, nor his offences

enforced, for which he suffered death.

Enter ANTONY and others, with CAESAR's body

MARK ANTONY

Mark Antony was a soldier and statesman at the end of the Roman Republic known for his stirring eulogy at the funeral of his friend Julius Caesar. Mark Antony begin the eulogy at Caesar's funeral with the words Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;

I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.

The evil that men do lives after them;

The good is oft interred with their bones.

__________________________________________________________

MARC ANTONY’S FUNERAL ORATION

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;

I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.

The evil that men do lives after them;

The good is oft interred with their bones;

So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus

Hath told you Caesar was ambitious:

If it were so, it was a grievous fault;

And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it.

Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest, --

For Brutus is an honourable man;

So are they all, all honourable men, -

Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.

He was my friend, faithful and just to me:

But Brutus says he was ambitious;

And Brutus is an honourable man.

He hath brought many captives home to Rome.

Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill:

Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?

When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept:

Ambition should be made of sterner stuff:

Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;

And Brutus is an honourable man.

You all did see that on the Lupercal

I thrice presented him a kingly crown,

Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition?

Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;

And, sure, he is an honourable man.

I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke,

But here I am to speak what I do know.

You all did love him once, --not without cause:

What cause withholds you, then, to mourn for him?

O judgement, thou art fled to brutish beasts,

And men have lost their reason! --Bear with me;

My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,

And I must pause till it come back to me.

Syllogism

A logical argument in three part which is supported by two premises and a conclusion which follows necessarily from them.

MY SYLLOGISM

“No man who weeps for the poor is an ambitious man;

Caesar was a man who wept for the poor;

Therefore, Caesar was not an ambitious man.”

WORKING WITH THE ARGUMENTS

WORKING WITH ARGUMENTS

Inductive Reasoning and Deductive Reasoning

Inductive and deductive reasoning are two methods of logic used to arrive at a conclusion based on information assumed to be true. Both are used in research to establish hypotheses.

Inductive Reasoning

specific  à General (Focus on detail)

An inductive argument is one in which the premises are supposed to support the conclusion in such a way that if the premises are true, it is improbable that the conclusion would be false. Thus, the conclusion follows probably from the premises and inferences.

Example:
Socrates was Greek. (Premise)
Most Greeks eat fish. (Premise)
Socrates ate fish. (Conclusion)

Deductive Reasoning
General à Specific (overview of things)

A deductive argument is one in which it is impossible for the premises to be true but the conclusion false. Thus, the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises and inferences. In this way, it is supposed to be a definitive proof of the truth of the claim (conclusion).

Example:
All men are mortal. (Premise)
Socrates was a man. (Premise)
Socrates was mortal. (Conclusion)

JACK THE RIPPER

JACK THE RIPPER

JACK THE RIPPER “UNSOLVED”

Who was Jack The Ripper? This is a good question when asked once. When asked a second time it becomes a dumb question. Truth is nobody knows. Also known as The Whitechapel Murdere or Leather Apron the killer is neither. A publicity stunt created by the media. His true name is unheard of. After 119 years many continue to second guess all the misleading clues.

During a 71 day period beginning on August 31, 1888 until November 09, 1888 a total of five unsolved murders occurred within the Whitechapel section of London under night conditions. The victims were all female. The murderer was never caught, furthermore he was never identified. He wasn't a doctor, a prince or a painter. And of course he wasn't a woman though it was suggested. The image actually first stirred curiosity within the press. After all it was the press who created The Ripper but the bloody results were solely his.

Victim 1: Mary Ann Nichols (Polly) found dead on the outside gate dropped area of a footpath at 3:40 am Friday August 31, 1888 on Buck's Row(now 2 Durward Street) Whitechapel. Polly lived at 18 Thrawl Street(Vallance Street) Spitalfields.

Victim 2: Annie Chapman (Dark Annie) found dead 13 days later at 6 am Saturday September 8, 1888 in the backyard of 29 Hanbury Street(now Truman Brewery) Spitalfields. Last seen alive at 5:30 am. Rings torn from fingers. Resided at 30 Dorset Street(Commercial Street/Brick Lane).

Victim 3: Elizabeth Stride (Long Liz) found dead at 1 am(perhaps killed between 12:46 am-12:56 am) Sunday September 30, 1888 behind a yard at 40 Berner Street(now Henriques Street) in St. George in the East(Dutfield's Yard). Site occupied by former London County Council School now known as A Harry Gosling Primary School. Long Liz lived at 32 Flower & Dean Street(Lolesworth Close).

Victim 4: Catherine Eddowes (Kate Kelly) was found dead less than an hour's time from Long Liz at 1:45 am Sunday September 30, 1888 at Mitre Square at Aldgate. She resided at 55 Flower & Dean Street(Lolesworth Close).

Victim 5: Mary Kelly (Jane/Jeanette) was found dead 39 days later at 4 am Friday November 9, 1888 at her home located at 13 Miller's Court(demolished north side 1929) renamed Duval Street in 1904. Previously resided at 26 Dorset Street with Joe Barnett for 18 months.

All the victims lived within a 3 block radius of each other to include The Ten Bells bar yet only one was murdered within this radius and that was the last victim. Victim 1 was murdered north east (farthest) outside the radius. I believed the killer came and lived within this area. Victim 2 was found directly west from Victim 1 closer but still outside the radius. Victims 3 & 4 were a double homicide, both murdered the same evening within an hour of each other. Victim 3 was murdered directly south of Victim #1 outside the radius. This murder was known to be interrupted by a passerby. Victim 4 was then murdered directly west from Victim 3 completely outside the radius and the only one falling outside the sector into a second police jurisdiction. Now this is what confirms the pattern-Heading directly north east exactly to the location of Victim 1 a part of a bloodstained apron which was cut away from Victim 4's neck was located in a hallway at 108-19 Goulston Street(now White's Row) in the Wentworth Model Dwellings. Victim #4 had been at a solicitation location outside St. Botolph's Church. Tracking begins from where the body was found. Since there was no 3rd homicide that evening we begin at Mitre Square heading north east towards Goulston Street and continuing at that path is Victim 1's location. The Killer was going home. The double homicide made it possible to trace the killer by the location of the missing bloodstained apron.

Following the examination of all four corpses it was determined that the bodies had been mutilated but not completely when compared to Victim 5. The killer had been distracted each time.

To simplify things the final Victim 5 was murdered within the radius. She also lived alone and had her own private room unlike the others. This made it convenient for the killer in that he could take his time unlike all the previous murders which occurred in an alley, sidewalk, backyard, and public square. Based on the photographs and witnesses her body was completely opened up.

In the case history of Jeffrey Dahmer stated that the reason he cut open his victims was that he became sexual aroused by seeing the internal organs. I strongly believe that the killer according to the physical condition of all his victims had this compulsive urge to view the internal organs of his victims. He was never able to fully accomplish this with the first four victims due to being disturbed by pedestrians and night watchmen until he finally met Mary Kelly Victim 5 who had her own private room where The killer was able to take his time and dissect her completely thus satisfying his curiosity. The Ripper was never heard from again.

JACK THE RIPPER'S LETTER

EUPHEMISMS AND DYSPHEMISMS

Euphemisms: a milder or more positive expression used to replace a negative or unpleasant one.

Euphemistic language is a word or group of word that are delivery used in other to evoke a particular kind of respond from the readers.

Example of euphemism:

• §  Stupid- minimally exceptional

Dysphemisms: replacing a neutral or positive expression with a negative or unpleasant one.

Example of dysphemistic:

• §   Nigger
• §   Fat
•      Obese 

WHAT'S IN A WORD?

NOAM CHOMSKY

Noam Chomsky is institute professor emeritus in the MIT Department of Linguistics and Philosophy.

• ·         He was the first one who makes dysphemistic language famous.
• ·         Existence of Euphemistic Language.
• ·         Words have positive and negative connotation.
• ·         In other words, some words have good or bad reputation.
• ·         Some words are for formal context and for informal context.

MICHEL FOUCAULT

Michel Foucault (1926–1984) was a French historian and philosopher, associated with the structuralist and post-structuralist movements. He has had wide influence not only (or even primarily) in philosophy but also in a wide range of humanistic and social scientific disciplines.

• ·         Honest and direct language is better for the society.
• ·         No such things as positive and negative words.
• ·         It all depends on context.

STEVE JOBS

STEVE JOBS

Steve Jobs was born February 24, 1955, to two University of Wisconsin graduate students who gave him up for adoption. Smart but directionless, Jobs experimented with different pursuits before starting Apple Computers with Stephen Wozniak in the Jobs' family garage. Apple's revolutionary products, which include the iPod, iPhone and iPad, are now seen as dictating the evolution of modern technology.

His father, Abdulfattah Jandali, was a Syrian political science professor and his mother, Joanne Simpson, worked as a speech therapist. Shortly after Steve was placed for adoption, his biological parents married and had another child, Mona Simpson. It was not until Jobs was 27 that he was able to uncover information on his biological parents.

As an infant, Steven was adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs and named Steven Paul Jobs. Clara worked as an accountant and Paul was a Coast Guard veteran and machinist. The family lived in Mountain View within California's Silicon Valley. As a boy, Jobs and his father would work on electronics in the family garage. Paul would show his son how to take apart and reconstruct electronics, a hobby which instilled confidence, tenacity, and mechanical prowess in young Jobs.

While Jobs has always been an intelligent and innovative thinker, his youth was riddled with frustrations over formal schooling. In elementary school he was a prankster whose fourth grade teacher needed to bribe him to study. Jobs tested so well, however, that administrators wanted to skip him ahead to high school—a proposal his parents declined.

After he did enroll in high school, Jobs spent his free time at Hewlett-Packard. It was there that he befriended computer club guru Steve Wozniak. Wozniak was a brilliant computer engineer, and the two developed great respect for one another.